Albert Einstein

Born on March 14, 1879 Albert Einstein was a German theoretical physicist. Einstein discovered the general theory of relativity which is one of the foundations of modern physics. Einstein's mass-energy formula e=mc2 is the most well-known physics formula to date and gave Einstein the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics. Further commendations for the Nobel Prize were Einstein's discovery of the law of photoelectric effect which pointed to the quantum theory of physics. Additionally, Einstein expanded his principle of relatively to gravitation fields and he continued to work on statistical mechanics and quantum theory. Einstein investigated the thermal properties of light and discovered the photon theory of light.
In 1933 Einstein was in the US when Adolf Hitler came into power. Einstein refused to return to Germany and became an American citizen in 1940. At the beginning of WWII sent a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt outlining the potential development of new types of bombs that were being developed by German physicists. Einstein recommended that the US begin researching this new type of weapon. His ideas lead to the Manhattan Project and the US's entry into the nuclear weapon field. Einstein denounced using nuclear fission as a weapon, however.
Einstein published over 300 papers and 150 non-scientific works. His name is synonymous with "genius."
Einstein married fellow Polytechnic student Mileva Maric in 1903. They had one daughter born in early 1902, but it is unknown whether the child died or was adopted. In 1905 they had another son and in 1910 another son. Einstein and his wife divorced in 1919. Einstein then married Elsa Lowenthal. She died in 1936. On April 17, 1955 the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm caused internal bleeding. Einstein subsequently died in Princeton Hospital at the age of 76.